全书例句

concentrate /ˈkɒnsntreɪt/ vi.& vt. 集中（注意力）；聚集会神 =============================== 1. The guy next to Han Jing tried to talk to her the whole time so she couldn't concentrate on the experiment . 2. If you are quiet, you may concentrate best on your own . 3. Some students even become addicted to the Internet and cannot concentrate on school and family life . 1. 韩静旁边的男生一直跟她说话，让她无法专心做实验。 2. 如果你比较安静，独自一人做实验时可能会更专注。 3. 有些学生甚至沉迷于网络，无法专心学习和生活。

 guy /gaɪ/ n. 小伙子；男人；家伙 ======================= 1. The lab is new and the lesson was great, but t he guy next to me tried to talk to me the whole time. 2. The guy next to Han Jing tried to talk to her the whole time so she couldn‘t concentrate on the experiment. 3. Andy's never been anything but a friendly guy , is she? 1. 实验室很新，课程也很棒，但我旁边的那个男生一直想跟我说话。 2. 韩静旁边的那个男生一直想跟她说话，导致她无法专心做实验。 3. 安迪一直都很友善，不是吗？

 what if 要是……会怎么样呢？ ======================= 1. What if no one talks to me ? 2. anxious: What if I make a mistake? I wish I didn't have to do this! 1. 如果没人跟我说话怎么办？ 2. 焦虑：如果我犯了错误怎么办？真希望我不用经历这些！

relate to   与……相关；涉及；谈到     ===================== 1. This helps you to relate what you read to what you already know and to understand the new text. 2. Does each sentence r elate to the main idea ? 3. Old Korean and Japanese characters are related to Chinese characters . 4. Money and fame are not related to happiness . True happiness lies in being satisfied with your life and being grateful for all the things you have received. 5. Then look in the text for the words they are related to . 6. by group: all the words related to a certain topic , pronunciation, part of speech, etc. 1. 这有助于你将阅读内容与已有知识联系起来，并理解新文本。 2. 每个句子是否与中心思想相关？ 3. 古韩文和日文字符与汉字相关。 4. 金钱和名望与幸福无关。真正的幸福在于对生活感到满足，并对所拥有的一切心存感激。 5. 然后在文本中查找与它们相关的单词。 6. 按组：所有与特定主题、发音、词性等相关的单词。

relate   /rɪˈleɪt/   vt. 联系；讲述     ================ 1. This helps you to relate what you read to what you already know and to understand the new text. 2. Does each sentence relate to the main idea ? 3. Old Korean and Japanese characters are related to Chinese characters . 4. Money and fame are not related to happiness. True happiness lies in being satisfied with your life and being grateful for all the things you have received. 5. Then look in the text for the words they are related to . 6. I just didn't feel that it was related mtoy daily life in any way , so I didn’t try. 7. by group: all the words related to a certain topic , pronunciation, part of speech, etc. 1. 这有助于你将阅读内容与已有知识联系起来，并理解新文本。 2. 每个句子是否与中心思想相关？ 3. 旧韩文和日文字符与汉字相关。 4. 金钱和名望与幸福无关。真正的幸福在于对生活感到满足，并对所拥有的一切心存感激。 5. 然后在文本中查找与它们相关的单词。 6. 我觉得它与我的日常生活没有任何关联，所以没有尝试。 7. 按组：所有与特定主题、发音、词性等相关的单词。

description   /dɪˈskrɪpʃn/   n. 描写（文字）；形容     ==================== 1. Write a short description of your experiences in learning English. 2. Does the writer give a clear description of the problem? 3. Match them with their descriptions . 1. 简要描述一下你学习英语的经历。 2. 作者对问题描述清楚了吗？ 3. 将它们与描述进行匹配。

vocabulary   /vəˈkæbjələri/   n. 词汇     ============== 1. Building Up Your Vocabulary 2. What new vocabulary and structures did you learn in this unit? 3. For me, vocabulary is my biggest problem —there are just SO MANY new words! 4. I can't keep all the new vocabulary straight in my head 5. Do you struggle with remembering vocabulary or lose heart over the writing system ? 6. scientific vocabulary 1. 积累词汇量 2. 你在本单元学习了哪些新词汇和语法结构？ 3. 对我来说，词汇是我最大的问题——新词实在太多了！ 4. 我无法记住所有新词汇 5. 你是否很难记住词汇，或者对书写系统感到沮丧？ 6. 科学词汇

demand   /dɪˈmɑ:nd/   n. 要求；需求   vt. 强烈要求；需要   vi. 查问     ====================== 1. I must make it a question, not a demand ,e.g., "Could you open the window, please?" 2. a demand for equal pay 3. the demands of the new job 4. There is an increasing demand on English translators these days. IDM by popular demand; in demand; on demand 1. 我必须将其变成一个问题，而不是一个请求，例如，“请问您能打开窗户吗？” 2. 同工同酬的要求 3. 新工作的要求 4. 如今，对英语翻译的需求日益增加。IDM 应大众需求而生；需求旺盛；按需而生

gap   /gæp/   n. 间隔；开口；差距      ================= 1.  so I only need a few words to bridge the gap between us .因此我只需说几个字，就能消除我们之间的距离。 2. Sometimes it is really hard to bridge the generation gap . 有时候要消除代沟确实非常困难。 3. Have you studied for the HSK ( 汉语水平考试) but still feel there is a large gap to close before you can hope to pass?您是否已经学习过 HSK（汉语水平考试），但仍然觉得与通过考试相比还有很大的差距？

equal   /ˈi:kwəl/   n. 同等的人；相等物   adj. 相同的；同样的     ===================== 1. a demand for equal pay 2. All work is of equal value . 3. We welcome students from everywhere, because we believe everybody should have a(n) equal opportunity to learn Chinese! 4. If an apple is cut into six equal slices , each slice is called one sixth. If you eat two slices, you eat two sixths or one third.  5. If I'm talking to a close friend, I can use short requests, like "Open the window"—our relationship is close and we're equals , so I only need a few words to bridge the gap between us. 6. He treats all his students as equals . 7. Two plus four equals six . 1. 要求同工同酬 2. 所有工作都应具有同等价值。 3. 我们欢迎来自世界各地的学生，因为我们相信每个人都应该有平等的学习中文的机会！ 4. 如果一个苹果被平分为六块，每块就是六分之一。如果你吃掉两块，就是吃掉了六分之二或三分之一。 5. 如果我和一位亲密的朋友交谈，我可以使用简短的请求，例如“打开窗户”——我们的关系很亲密，我们是平等的，所以我只需要几句话就能弥合我们之间的差距。 6. 他平等对待所有的学生。 7. 二加四等于六。

beg   /beg/   vt. 恳求；祈求；哀求     ================== I beg your pardon .请再说一遍。

pants   /pænts/   n. 内裤；短裤；裤子      ================ 1. I really need to buy some pants . 2. I don't usually go shopping with my friends for pants. 3. Don't you like to have somebody tell you if the pants look good or not? 4. That's what I mean by pants! 5. Did you know that in British English, "pants" means something very different ? 6. In British English, the word "pants" means underwear . ... 1. 我真的需要买条裤子。 2. 我通常不和朋友一起去买裤子。 3. 你不喜欢有人告诉你裤子好看不好看吗？ 4. 这就是我说的裤子！ 5. 你知道吗，在英式英语中，“pants”的意思完全不同。 6. 在英式英语中，“pants”这个词的意思是内衣。……

gas   /ɡæs/   n. 汽油；气体；燃气     ==================== 1. volcano: a mountain from which gas, ash, and hot rocks sometimes burst out 2. At least one well had some smelly gas coming out of it. 3. petrol gas 4. petrol /ˈpetrəl/ n.（NAmE gas）汽油 1. 火山：有时会喷出气体、火山灰和灼热岩石的山。 2. 至少有一口井喷出了一些有臭味的气体。 3. 汽油 4. petrol /ˈpetrəl/ n.（名词 gas）汽油

point of view   观点；看法     =========== 1. I could see the world from a different point of view.   2. Reading those books opened a window for me to another world and gave me a new point of view on my own world. 1. 我可以从不同的角度看世界。 2. 阅读这些书为我打开了一扇通往另一个世界的窗户，让我对自己的世界有了新的视角。

tongue   /tʌŋ/   n. 舌头；语言     ============ 1. The words felt strange on my tongue ,and the grammar would not stay in my head. 2. tongue n. the soft part inside one's mouth that we use for speaking and eating 1. 这些词在我的舌头上感觉很奇怪，语法也记不住。 2. 舌头 n. 口腔内用于说话和进食的柔软部分

struggle   /ˈstrʌgl/   n. 斗争；奋斗；搏斗   vi. 斗争；奋斗；搏斗     =================== 1. When I started studying German, it was a struggle . 2. For this reason, learning Latin wasn't a struggle for me like learning French. 3. Studying is not easy for me at all. However, I fully understand it is something worth putting effort into. I am not struggling for good scores in exams , but rather, a chance for a better future. 4. Do you struggle with remembering vocabulary or lose heart over the writing system ? 1. 刚开始学德语的时候，我挺吃力的。 2. 因此，学习拉丁语对我来说不像学习法语那样吃力。 3. 学习对我来说一点也不轻松。然而，我完全理解这是一件值得付出努力的事情。我努力不是为了考试成绩，而是为了一个更美好的未来。 4. 你是否难以记住词汇，或者对书写系统感到沮丧？

CE   /ˌsi: ˈi:/   公元     ========== 1. It is believed that Chinese calligraphy dates back to at least the Han Dynasty (202 BCE– 220 CE ). 2. The Oxford English Dictionary, or OED for short, began in 1857 as just an idea of a group of people who thought the world needed an English-language dictionary to show the history of English words from 1150 CE to the present. 1. 据信，中国书法至少可以追溯到汉代（公元前202年-公元220年）。 2. 《牛津英语词典》（简称OED）始于1857年，最初只是一群人的想法，他们认为世界需要一本英语词典来展示从公元1150年至今的英语词汇历史。

specific   /spəˈsɪfɪk/   adj. 特定的；明确的；具体的      ======================== Scanning is looking at the text quickly to find specific information , such as dates or numbers.    扫描是快速查看文本以查找特定信息，例如日期或数字。

appreciate   /əˈpri:ʃieɪt/   vt. 欣赏；重视；感激；领会   vi. 增值     ====================== 1. As China plays a greater role in global affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China's culture and history through this amazing language.  2. As China plays a greater role in global affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China's culture and history through this amazing language. 3. appreciate China's culture and history 4. An increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China's culture and history through this amazing language. 5. Learning Chinese calligraphy will increase your appreciation of Chinese culture . 1. 随着中国在全球事务中扮演着更为重要的角色，越来越多的国际学生开始通过汉语这一奇妙的语言了解和欣赏中国的文化和历史。 2. 随着中国在全球事务中扮演着越来越重要的角色，越来越多的国际学生开始通过汉语来欣赏中国的文化和历史。 3. 欣赏中国的文化和历史 4. 越来越多的国际学生开始通过汉语来欣赏中国的文化和历史。 5. 学习中国书法将加深你对中国文化的欣赏。

affair   /əˈfeə(r)/   n. 公共事务；事件；关系     ======================= 1. affair [1] n. a situation or matter that is being considered正在考虑的情况或事项 [2] n. an event一个事件 The meeting was a long and boring affair . 会议冗长乏味。 Hu Ming manages student union affairs .胡明负责学生会事务。 As China plays a greater role in global affairs , an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China's culture and history through this amazing language. 随着中国在全球事务中扮演着更为重要的角色，越来越多的国际学生开始通过汉语这一奇妙的语言了解和欣赏中国的文化和历史。

  global   /ˈgləʊbəl/   adj. 全球的；全世界的     ==================== 1. That would make you young, creative, connected, global, and no doubt smart. 2. Most people think global events such as the Olympic Games and the World Cup are the most exciting, but there is some serious competition. 3. As China plays a greater role in global affairs , an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China’s culture and history through this amazing language.  4. As China plays a greater role in global affairs , an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China’s culture and history through this amazing language. 1. 这会让你年轻、富有创造力、人脉广泛、更具国际视野，而且无疑会更聪明。 2. 大多数人认为奥运会和世界杯等全球性赛事最精彩，但其实也存在着一些激烈的竞争。 3. 随着中国在全球事务中扮演着更为重要的角色，越来越多的国际学生开始通过汉语这一奇妙的语言了解和欣赏中国的文化和历史。 4. 随着中国在全球事务中扮演着越来越重要的角色，越来越多的国际学生开始通过这门神奇的语言来欣赏中国的文化和历史。

calligraphy   /kəˈlɪɡrəfi/   n. 书法；书法艺术     ================ 1. Hey, I'm going to sign up for a Chinese calligraphy class at that new language school. 2. I think learning calligraphy will help you feel better about Chinese! Calligraphy is regarded as an art form. 3. Calligraphy Club 4. The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form, known as Chinese calligraphy , which has become an important part of Chinese culture. 5. Chinese calligraphy has developed along with China's Civilization. 6. It is difficult to say when exactly calligraphy started . 7. It is believed that Chinese calligraphy dates back to at least the Han Dynasty (202 BCE–220 CE). 8. Soon after that, the idea developed that calligraphy was not only a beautiful art form but also a means of showing the character of the "man behind the brush". Today, anyone from small children to old people can enjoy practising the classic ...

character   /ˈkærəktə(r)/   n. 文字；符号；角色；品质；特点     ============================== 1. The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form, known as Chinese calligraphy, which has become an important part of Chinese culture. 2. Work hard to be known as a person of good character . 3. Time reveals a person's character . 4. By rock climbing, climbers can find much scenery and develop their character of bravery , patience and persistence. 5. Soon after that, the idea developed that calligraphy was not only a beautiful art form but also a means of showing the character of the "man behind the brush" . 6. Chinese Characters 7. Learning Chinese characters can connect us with people from long ago. 8. Many of today's characters have their origins in the observations of ancient Chinese people. 9. About 80 percent of Chinese characters are made up of smaller parts, called radicals . 10. If you can rea...

regard   /rɪˈgɑ:d/   n. 尊重；关注   vt. 把……视为；看待   ================== 1. The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form, known as Chinese calligraphy, which has become an important part of Chinese culture. 2. Calligraphy is regarded as an art form .  3. Best regards, Confused Mum 1. 汉字作为一种艺术形式，即中国书法，其发展历程体现了人们对汉字书写体系的高度重视，而汉字已成为中国文化的重要组成部分。 2. 书法被认为是一种艺术形式。 3. 此致敬礼，困惑的妈妈

classic   /ˈklæsɪk/   adj. 传统的；最优秀的；典型的   n. 经典作品；名著     ==================== 1. People in modern times can read the classic works which were written by Chinese in ancient times. 2. read classic works 3. People in modern times can read the classic works which were written by Chinese in ancient times. 4. Today, anyone from small children to old people can enjoy practising the classic art of Chinese calligraphy. 5. Soon I began to read classic books in Latin . 6. Do you want to read the great Chinese classics from early Chinese dynasties? 7. If you can read Chinese characters, you can read Chinese classics from thousands of years ago . 8. Do you want to read the great Chinese classics from early Chinese dynasties ? 1. 现代人可以阅读古代中国人写的经典著作。 2. 阅读经典著作 3. 现代人可以阅读古代中国人写的经典著作。 4. 如今，从小孩到老人，任何人都可以享受练习中国书法的乐趣。 5. 不久，我开始阅读拉丁文的经典著作。 6. 你想阅读中国早期王朝的伟大经典吗？ 7. 如果你能读汉字，你就能阅读几千年前的中国经典。 8. 你想阅读中国早期王朝的伟大经典吗？

means   /mi:nz/   n. 方式；方法；途径     =================== 1. What does "You'll never see me without a book or a pen" mean? It means Thando is busy studying . 2. What does the first sentence in the paragraph introducing Michael Jordan mean? It means that Jordan’s graceful jump made everyone so amazed that they held their breath and felt time would be still. 3. What does the sentence "I almost went bananas" mean? It means that she didn't lose weight and almost went mad because of going on diet. 4. If you continue reading, the context will probably help you understand what it means . 5. They think it means better job chances in the future . 6. Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China's present is connected with its past. 7. Written Chinese has become an important means to connect China's present with the past. 8. Today, the Chinese has become an important means to Writing system is still an important part of Chinese culture. 9. Soo...

dialect   /ˈdaɪəlekt/   n. 地方话；方言     ============== 1. Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak , they can all still communicate in writing. 2. Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was a time when people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects and characters. 3. dialects and characters 4. Many varieties of dialects and characters appeared . 5. How did written Chinese unify Chinese people divided by geography and dialects ? 6. Zhao Yuanren, a Chinese American linguist, could speak seven languages and more than 30 dialects . 1. 即使在今天，无论中国人居住在哪里，使用哪种方言，他们仍然可以通过书面语进行交流。 2. 随着时间的推移，由于当时人们被地理划分，文字系统发展出不同的形式，从而产生了许多方言和文字。 3. 方言和文字 4. 出现了许多方言和文字。 5. 书面汉语是如何统一被地理和方言划分的中国人的？ 6. 美籍华裔语言学家赵元任精通七种语言和三十多种方言。

no matter where, who, what, etc.   不论……；不管……     ========================= 1. Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing.即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人都仍能通过书写（文字）进行交流。 2. No matter how fast the rabbit ran, it could not escape the big grey wolf. 无论这兔子跑多快，都无法逃过那大灰狼。 3. Any person, no matter who they are , must go through an identity check. 任何人，无论是谁，都要接受身份检查。 4. I'll leave anyway, no matter what you say . 不管你说什么，我都要离开。 5. No matter what you want to learn , it is important to decide on your goal before you make a plan.无论您想学什么，在制定计划之前确定目标很重要。

major   /ˈmeɪdʒə(r)/   adj. 主要的；重要的；大的   n. 主修课程；主修学生   vi. 主修；专门研究    ==================== 1. Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. 2. Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. 3. Sugar is a major cause of health problems. His major is the French language .  1. 秦始皇统一了七大诸侯国，汉字书写体系也开始朝着一个方向发展。 2. 秦始皇统一了七大诸侯国，汉字书写体系也开始朝着一个方向发展。 3. 糖是导致健康问题的主要原因。他的专业是法语。

variety   /vəˈraɪəti/   n. 变体；异体；多样化     ==================== 1. Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was a time when people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects and characters. 2. M any varieties of dialects and characters appeared . 1. 随着时间的推移，由于人们在地理上被划分开来，语系发展出了不同的形式，从而产生了许多方言和文字。 2. 出现了许多方言和文字。

dynasty   /ˈdɪnəsti/   n. 王朝；朝代     ============== 1. By the Shang Dynasty (around 1600–1046 BCE), these symbols had become a well-developed writing system. 2. This, however, changed under Emperor Qinshihuang of the Qin Dynasty (221–207 BCE). 3. the development of the Chinese Writing system during the Shang Dynasty . 4. E mperor Qinshihuang of the Qin Dynasty 5. It is believed that Chinese calligraphy dates back to at least the Han Dynasty (202 BCE–220 CE). 6. Hulishan Fortress, built in the Qing Dynasty , is also worth a visit. 7. Do you want to read the great Chinese classics from early Chinese dynasties ? 1. 到了商朝（约公元前1600-1046年），这些符号已经成为一套完善的书写体系。 2. 然而，这种情况在秦始皇（公元前221-207年）统治下发生了变化。 3. 商朝时期中国书写体系的发展。 4. 秦始皇 5. 中国书法被认为至少可以追溯到汉朝（公元前202-220年）。 6. 建于清朝的胡里山堡垒也值得一游。 7. 你想阅读中国早期王朝的伟大经典吗？

carve   /kɑ:v/   vt.&vi. 雕刻   ============== 1. Ancient Chinese people carved symbols onto turtle shells or bones of animals. 2. ones on which/where symbols were carved, known as "oracle bones", have contributed a lot to our understanding of China's past. 3. It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu—animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people .Some of the ancient symbols can still be seen in today's hanzi. 4. Symbols were carved on animal bones and shells. 5. These were animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people . 6. on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people  1. 古中国人在龟甲或动物骨骼上刻写符号。 2. 刻有符号的甲骨文，被称为“甲骨文”，对我们了解中国古代历史贡献良多。 3. 龙骨的使用可以追溯到几千年前，古中国人在龙骨上刻写符号。一些古代符号在今天的汉字中仍然可见。 4. 符号刻在动物骨骼和贝壳上。 5. 这些是古中国人刻写符号的动物骨骼和贝壳。 6. 解释古代中国人雕刻象形文字的地点(在动物骨头和壳上)

symbol   /ˈsɪmbl/   n. 符号；象征     ================= 1. It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu—animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people.Some of the ancient symbols can still be seen in today’s hanzi. 2. Symbols were carved on animal bones and shells. 3. These were animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people . 4. Ancient Chinese people carved symbols onto turtle shells or bones of animals. 5. Bones on which/where symbols were carved , known as "oracle bones", have contributed a lot to our understanding of China's past. 6. Wenchuan, the county that/ which was completely destroyed and then completely rebuilt, has become a symbol of the Chinese spirit of never giving up. 7. By the Shang Dynasty (around 1600–1046 BCE), these symbols had become a well-developed writing system . 8. The symbols became a well-developed writing system. 9. Chinese writing was first done b...

shell   /ʃel/   n. 壳；壳状物     ================== 1. It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu— animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people. 2. Symbols were carved on animal bones and shells . 3. Chinese writing was first done by Carving symbols onto bones and shells , but as it developed into a writing System, it also developed as a form of art done with a brush. 4. These were animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people. 5. Ancient Chinese people carved symbols onto turtle shells or bones of animals. 1. 它可以追溯到几千年前，当时中国古代人使用龙骨——一种动物的骨头和贝壳——来雕刻符号。 2. 符号被刻在动物的骨头和贝壳上。 3. 汉字最初是通过在骨头和贝壳上雕刻符号来完成的，但随着它发展成为一种书写体系，它也发展成为一种用毛笔完成的艺术形式。 4. 这些是古代中国人用来雕刻符号的动物骨头和贝壳。 5. 古代中国人在龟壳或动物骨头上雕刻符号。

bone   /bəʊn/   n. 骨头；骨（质）     ================ 1. My brother cracked a bone in his arm when he fell off his bike. 2. At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language. It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu— animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people. 3. Symbols were carved on animal bones and shells. 4. Chinese writing was first done by Carving symbols onto bones and shells, but as it developed into a writing System, it also developed as a form of art done with a brush. 5. These were animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people. 6. Ancient Chinese people carved symbols onto turtle shells or bones of animals . 7. Bones on which/where symbols were carved , known as “oracle bones”, have contributed a lot to our understanding of China’s past. 8. longgu 龙骨，英文为oracle bones， 9. It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu— animal bones and...

date back (to ...)   追溯到     ================== 1. His family history dates back to the 1700s . 他的家族历史可以追溯到18世纪。 2. It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu—animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people. 1. 他的家族历史可以追溯到18世纪。 2. 它可以追溯到几千年前中国古代人使用龙骨（动物的骨头和贝壳）雕刻符号的历史。

base   /beɪs/   vt. 以…为据点；以……为基础   n. 底部；根据     =========================== 1. It leans so far on one side that if you dropped a stone from the top, which is 188 feet high, it would fall 16 feet from the base of the tower . 2. This dish has a milk base . 1. 它向一侧倾斜得很厉害，如果你从 188 英尺高的顶部扔下一块石头，它会从塔底掉落 16 英尺。 2. 这道菜的底部是牛奶。

based   /beɪst/   adj. 以某事为基础的； 以……为重要部分（或特征）的     ============================= 1. At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language . 2. The company is based in Guangzhou .  3. Discuss weekend plans with a partner, based on the weather report below. 4. Your suggestions to the school, based on the survey results 5. Write down the main idea of each paragraph based on the details above. 1. 最初，书面汉语是一种基于图画的语言。 2. 该公司位于广州。 3. 根据下面的天气预报，与同伴讨论周末计划。 4. 根据调查结果，你对学校的建议。 5. 根据以上细节，写下每一段的中心思想。

factor   /ˈfæktə(r)/   n. 因素；要素     ============= 1. According to the writer, the Chinese writing system is one factor that has helped the Chinese language and culture survive. 2. What do you think are some of the other factors ? 3. There are many reasons why this has been possible, but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system. 4. The Chinese Writing system is one of the main factors of the ancient civilization. 1. 作者认为，汉语书写体系是帮助中国语言和文化得以传承的因素之一。 2. 你认为还有哪些其他因素？ 3. 造成这种情况的原因有很多，但其中一个主要因素是汉语书写体系。 4. 汉语书写体系是古代文明的主要因素之一。 

ups and downs   浮沉；兴衰；荣辱     =============== China is widely known for its ancient civilisation which has continued all the way through into modern times, despite the many ups and downs in its history.    中国以其古老文明而闻名，尽管历史上经历了许多起伏，但其文明一直延续到现代。

despite   /dɪˈspaɪt/   prep. 即使；尽管     ================= 1. Have you ever tried to learn Chinese but failed, despite your best efforts ? 2. China is widely known for its ancient civilisation which has continued all the way through into modern times, despite the many ups and downs in its history . 3. However, despite his help , I learnt very little French. 1. 你有没有尝试过学习中文，但尽管尽了最大努力却还是失败了？ 2. 中国以其古老的文明而闻名，尽管历史上经历了许多起伏，但其文明始终延续至今。 3. 然而，尽管有他的帮助，我却只学到了一点点法语。

system   /ˈsɪstəm/   n. 体系；制度；系统     ================ 1. Japanese uses three writing systems, including kanji which/ that originated ( 起源) in China. 2. Do you struggle with remembering vocabulary or lose heart over the writing system ? 3. THE CHINESE WRITING SYSTEM :CONNECTING THE PAST A ND THE PRESENT 4. Explore the Chinese writing system 5. The text may be about the development of the Chinese Writing system . 6. There are many reasons why this has been possible, but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system . 7. The Chinese Writing system is one of the main factors of the ancient civilization. 8. By the Shang Dynasty (around 1600–1046 BCE), these symbols had become a well-developed writing system . Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was a time when people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects and characters. 9. the development of the Chinese Writing system during the Sha...

refer to   指的是；描述；提到；查阅     ========================= 1. Circle the key word(s) in the questions below and write the kind of information they refer to . 2. Listen to the speech again. What do the italicised Reference words refer to in the sentences? 3. Pronouns (it, they, she, etc.) refer to something or somebody mentioned earlier . Pay attention to the context of words to help you understand what the pronouns refer to. 4. Does the writer use pronouns to refer to things or people correctly ? 5. You can refer to the outline below. 1. 圈出以下问题中的关键词，并写出它们所指的信息类型。 2. 再次听一遍演讲。句子中斜体标注的指称词指的是什么？ 3. 代词（it、they、she 等）指的是前面提到的某物或某人。注意上下文，这有助于理解代词所指的内容。 4. 作者是否正确地使用代词来指代事物或人物？ 5. 你可以参考下面的提纲。

refer   /rɪˈfɜ:(r)/   vi. 提到；参考；查阅   vt. 查询；叫…求助于     ===================== 1. Circle the key word(s) in the questions below and write the kind of information they refer to . 2. Listen to the speech again. What do the italicised Reference words refer to in the sentences? 3. Pronouns (it, they, she, etc.) refer to something or somebody mentioned earlier. Pay attention to the context of words to help you understand what the pronouns refer to. 4. Does the writer use pronouns to refer to things or people correctly? 5. You can refer to the outline below. 6. This is the teacher to whom I referred . 7. The passage mainly refers to the face down generation and their future. 1. 圈出以下问题中的关键词，并写出它们所指的信息类型。 2. 再次听一遍演讲。句子中斜体标注的参考词指的是什么？ 3. 代词（it、they、she 等）指的是前面提到的某事或某人。注意上下文，以帮助你理解代词所指的内容。 4. 作者是否正确地使用代词来指代事物或人？ 5. 你可以参考下面的提纲。 6. 这是我提到的那位老师。 7. 文章主要提到了“面朝下”的一代及其未来。

attitude   /ˈætɪtju:d/   n. 态度；看法     =========== 1. What is the attitude of the speaker towards foreign language learning? 2. When I entered senior high school, my attitude towards language learning changed . 1. 说话者对外语学习的态度是怎样的？ 2. 进入高中后，我对语言学习的态度发生了变化。

impression /ɪmˈpreʃn/ n. 印象；感想 ================= 1. I want to make a good first impression . 2. Her first impression was that English was difficult and people spoke too quickly。 3. Does the profile give you a good impression of the student? 1. 我想给人留下良好的第一印象。 2. 她的第一印象是英语很难，而且人们说话太快。 3. 这份个人资料给你留下了对学生的良好印象吗？

native   /ˈneɪtɪv/   adj. 出生地的；本地的；土著的   n. 本地人     =========================== 1. Listen to a speech and tick the two languages with the most native speakers . 2. How many billion people speak the UN's official languages as their native or second language ? 3. When I listen to native English speakers talking in a video, I can catch only a few words. 4. Listening to English radio programmes helps me get used to how fast native speakers talk . 5. French wasn't his native language , but he used to live in France, so he could speak a little. 6. We have classes for all levels and interests. But sign up soon, as all of our teachers are native Chinese speakers and are in great demand! 1. 听一场演讲，并勾选母语使用者最多的两种语言。 2. 有多少亿人将联合国官方语言作为母语或第二语言？ 3. 当我在视频中听英语母语人士讲话时，我只能听清几个单词。 4. 听英语广播节目有助于我适应母语人士的语速。 5. 法语不是他的母语，但他曾经在法国生活过，所以会说一点法语。 6. 我们提供各种级别和兴趣的课程。但请尽快报名，因为我们所有的老师都是以中文为母语的，而且需求量很大！

billion   /ˈbɪljən/   n. 十亿     ======== 1. How many billion people speak the UN's official languages as their native or second language? 2. They are spoken by around 2.8 billion people ... 3. After all, there're over a billion people who speak and read Chinese . 1. 有多少亿人将联合国官方语言作为母语或第二语言？ 2. 大约有28亿人使用联合国官方语言…… 3. 毕竟，有超过10亿人会说和读中文。

length   /leŋθ/   n. 长；长度     =============== 1. A summary should be around one third the length of the original text. 2. Is the summary the proper length ? 1. 摘要的长度应约为原文的三分之一。 2. 摘要的长度合适吗？

effect   /ɪˈfekt/   n. 影响；结果；效果     ==================== 1. This aid project will have a great effect on the education of African girls .这个援助项目将对非洲女童的教育产生巨大影响。(aid, effect) 2. What are the possible effects of the disaster?这场灾难可能造成哪些影响？ 3. Read the sentences about the formation and effects of tsunamis .阅读关于海啸的形成和影响的句子。

summary   /ˈsʌməri/   n. 总结；概括；概要     ====================== 1. A summary of a news report 2. write a summary . 3. Read the summary of the news report . 4. Summary: On 26 December 2004, a tsunami killed more than 6,500 tourists, fishermen, and other locals in Asia. Thousands of people are missing and the number of deaths is expected to grow. The damage caused by the tsunami is making it difficult for rescue workers to help the survivors. 5. A summary is a short statement of main points. 6. A summary paragraph tells the main ideas and the most important information of a longer passage. 7. Follow the steps below to write a summary for the text on page 50. 8. A summary should be around one third the length of the original text. 9. Does t he summary give you a clear idea of what the text is about? 10. Does the summary include only the most important information of the text? 11. Is the summary the proper length? 12. Organise the ideas and draft your s...

deliver   /dɪˈlɪvə(r)/   vt.&vi. 递送；传达   vt. 发表     ==================== 1. V olunteers delivered food and other supplies to the people who were trapped in the village.志愿者给被困在村子里的人送去了食物和其他补给品。(trap, deliver, supply) 2. Why would it be difficult to deliver food and supplies ? dangerous conditions and damaged roads为什么运送食物和物资会很困难？危险的路况和受损的道路 3. However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies .然而，危险的路况和受损的道路会使运送食物和物资变得困难。

strike   /straɪk/   vi.&vt. 侵袭；突击；击打   n. 罢工；罢课；袭击     ======================= 1. Tsunami waves can strike out of nowhere and cause a lot of destruction. 2. It is said that the highest death toll caused by a lightning strike stands at 91, when a plane was struck and crashed into the Amazon rainforest in 1971.  3. strike struck struck/stricken (Verb Past tense Past participle) 1. 海啸波涛可能突然袭来，造成巨大的破坏。 2. 据说，被雷电击中造成死亡的最高纪录为91人。 那是1971年，一架飞机被击中并坠毁于亚马孙雨林。 3. strike struck struck/stricken（动词过去式过去分词）

wave   /weɪv/   n. 海浪；波浪   vi.&vt. 挥手；招手     ================= 1. Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes, and cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0. 2. What caused the tsunami? huge waves caused by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0 3. Tsunami: Killer Wave 4. A series of waves expands in all directions. 5. A tsunami breaks just like an ordinary wave but is bigger. T F 6. Tsunami waves can strike out of nowhere and cause a lot of destruction. 7. A tsunami is a very large wave that/ which is often caused by an earthquake under the sea. 1. 这场9级强震引发的巨浪卷走了渔民、游客、酒店、房屋和汽车。 2. 是什么引发了海啸？这场9级强震引发的巨浪 3. 海啸：杀人巨浪 4. 一连串的海浪向四面八方扩散。 5. 海啸的破碎方式与普通海浪类似，但规模更大。T F 6. 海啸波可能突然袭来，造成巨大破坏。 7. 海啸是一种非常大的海浪，通常由海底地震引起。

sweep away   消灭；彻底消除      ==================== Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes, and cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0.    渔民、游客、酒店、房屋和汽车都被这场 9.0 级强震引发的巨浪卷走。

sweep   /swi:p/   vt.&vi. 打扫；清扫     ================= 1. sweep swept swept(Verb Past tense Past participle) 2. Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes, and cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0. 1. sweep swept swept（动词过去式过去分词） 2. 这场9.0级强震引发的巨浪卷走了渔民、游客、酒店、房屋和汽车。

crash   /kræʃ/   vt.&vi. 碰撞；撞击   n. 撞车；碰撞     =================== 1. Earthquakes are a form of natural disasters.They are so powerful that they can cause tall buildings to crash to the ground in just a few seconds. 2. The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday, killing more than 6,500 people in Indonesia, India, Thailand, Malaysia, and at least four other countries. 3. A truck went out of control and crashed into the back of a bus . 4. It is said that the highest death toll caused by a lightning strike stands at 91, when a plane was struck and crashed into the Amazon rainforest in 1971.  1. 地震是自然灾害的一种，威力巨大，只需几秒钟就能将高楼大厦夷为平地。 2. 昨天，40年来最强的地震引发了海啸，席卷了亚洲各地海岸线，造成印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚和至少四个其他国家超过6500人死亡。 3. 一辆卡车失控撞上一辆公共汽车的尾部。 4. 据说，被雷电击中造成死亡的最高纪录为91人。那是1971年，一架飞机被击中并坠毁于亚马孙雨林。

on hand   现有（尤指帮助）   ================ 1. Report to the class the safety instructions you listed and then explain what emergency supplies people should keep on hand .向全班汇报你列出的安全须知，然后解释人们应该随身携带哪些应急物资。 2. Now for our emergency supplies, we would suggest always having on hand enough water and food for three days, a radio, …现在说到应急物资，我们建议始终随身携带足够三天使用的水和食物、一台收音机…… 3. Fortunately, volunteers have some boats on hand that can help move people to safety.幸运的是，志愿者手上有一些船只，可以帮助人们转移到安全的地方。(on hand)

kit   /kɪt/   n. 成套工具；成套设备     ==================== 1. first aid kit 急救箱 2. Having an emergency kit prepared is also very important.    准备一个应急包也很重要。

aid   /eɪd/   n. 援助；帮助；救援物资   vi.&vt. 帮助；援助     ======================= 1. first aid kit 急救箱 2. Foreign aid is being organised for the tsunami-hit countries. 3. This aid project will have a great effect on the education of African girls.(aid, effect) 4. My family will always be thankful for the people. We received aid from the people . (from whom)My family will always be thankful for the people from whom were ceived aid. 5. The team treated more than 3,000 people who were injured in the 2006 earthquake in Indonesia, helped 2,500 wounded people after the earthquake that hit Haiti ( 海地) in 2010, and spent several months giving aid to over 25,000 victims of the 2010 floods in Pakistan ( 巴基斯坦) . 6. Prepare visual aids for your presentation (photos, charts, tables, etc.). 1. 急救箱 2. 正在为海啸受灾国组织对外援助。 3. 这个援助项目将对非洲女童的教育产生巨大影响。(aid, effect) 4. 我的家人将永远感谢那些给予我们援助的人们。我们得到了这些人的援助。(from whom)我的家人将永远感谢那些给予我们援助的人们。 5. 该团队救治了2006年印度尼西亚地震中30...

calm   /kɑ:m/   adj. 镇静的；沉着的   vt. 使平静；使镇静     ===================== 1. Stay calm . 2. During a natural disaster, the most important thing is to keep calm . 3. After many years, he lived a calm life in the countryside as if the disaster had never happened.多年以后， 他在乡下过着平静的生活，似乎灾难从未发生过。(calm, as if, disaster) 4. Out at sea it was calm . 1. 保持冷静。 2. 在自然灾害期间，最重要的是保持冷静。 3. 多年以后，他在乡下过着平静的生活，仿佛灾难从未发生过一样。（calm，as if，disaster） 4. 海上风平浪静。

emergency   /iˈmɜ:dʒənsi/   n. 突发事件；紧急情况     ======================== 1. Call an emergency number . 2. Having an emergency kit prepared is also very important.Look at the emergency supplies below. 3. Report to the class the safety instructions you listed and then explain what emergency supplies people should keep on hand. 4. Now for our emergency supplies , we would suggest always having on hand enough water and food for three days, a radio, … 5. An emergency supply of food was transported to the area by the army. 1. 拨打紧急电话。 2. 准备好应急包也很重要。请查看以下应急物资。 3. 向全班汇报你列出的安全须知，并解释人们应该随身携带哪些应急物资。 4. 现在说说应急物资，我们建议始终随身携带足够三天使用的水和食物、一台收音机等。 5. 军队已向该地区运送了紧急食品。

power   /ˈpaʊə(r)/   n. 电力供应；力量；控制力      ========================== electricity: a form of power for lighting, heating, machines , etc.    电：用于照明、供暖、机器等的一种动力形式。

survive   /səˈvaɪv/   vi. 生存；存活   vt. 幸存；艰难度过     ================= 1. She's feeding the baby who survived the earthquake . 2. According to the writer, the Chinese writing system is one factor that has helped the Chinese language and culture survive . 3. Why do you think written Chinese has survived for so long? 4. Few sheep and cows survived the snowstorm last night. 5. Because the houses are round, they can survive strong winds and floods , and are good shelters during a disaster. 6. The CCTV reporter is interviewing a woman. The woman's family survived the earthquake . (whose).The CCTV reporter is interviewing a woman whose family survived the earthquake . 1. 她正在喂在地震中幸存下来的婴儿。 2. 据作者所说，汉字书写系统是帮助中国语言和文化得以存续的一个因素。 3. 你认为汉字为什么能流传这么久？ 4. 昨晚的暴风雪中，幸存下来的牛羊寥寥无几。 5. 由于房屋是圆形的，它们可以抵御强风和洪水，是灾害期间良好的避难所。 6. 中央电视台记者正在采访一位妇女。这位妇女的家人在地震中幸存下来。（whose）。中央电视台记者正在采访一位在地震中幸存下来的妇女。